They Cause to Why Inner City Black Youth are at a Disadvantage.
President and CEO of Suntex International Inc., Robert Sun author of “Why inner city kids have a natural learning advantage.” states in his article, ” many urban children face a lot of challenges in their young lives. But from my experience, they have developed one powerful, extremely valuable characteristic that many of their suburban counterparts lack: grit. By this I mean they have courage and persistence and quickly get back on their feet after setbacks”(Sun). Many scholars believe that inner city black children have many disadvantages. Disadvantages such as poverty, educational learning and funding are some of a few scholars believe inner city blacks endure. Why do many scholars believe that inner city black children are at such a disadvantage. Many scholars argue that the family influence and structure makes barriers for the child. As well as other scholars claiming that the lack of government help provided to the family play a role in the making of a young child life. Many scholars also claim that the disadvantages are passed down through generation. They disadvantages of inner city black not only impact their life the their friends life. Disadvantages that inner city blacks have to endure impact the economic system and that impact jobs and services of help.
Toward investing such question, research lead to family being the biggest influence in a inner city black child life. Also talked about in James Quane, William Wilson, and Jackelyn Hwang study, “Black Men And The Struggle For Work: Social And Economic Barriers Persist”, the structure of the family and the way that the parents chooses to care for their child being an impact on the child’s life (Quane, Wilson, Hwang). Quane, Wilson, Hwang state in the study “The truly disadvantage chronicles the rise of poor black single women with children has grown”.(Quane, Wilson, Hwang). Many scholars agree with the rate of sing parented homes growing. Eli Newberger, MD, author of, “Family Transition, Stress, and Support: Impact on Children” mentions in his study, the rate of children living with both parents have decreased meanwhile the percentage of a child living with either their mother or father has increased. (Newberger) Newberger states ” After divorce there is a dramatic decline in the economic status of children and women” (Newberger). Many scholars believe that the impact and influence of the family curves the disadvantages that inner city black kids endure. Scholars thinks the parents relationship status effects the disciplinary system set for the children. Many also say that children adapt to their surrounding and to the lessons they are taught. Quane, Wilson, and Hwang says ” Although Moynihan focused on the structural causes of the fragmentation of the black family critics associated his report with the “culture of poverty” thesis, which implies that poverty is passed from one generation to the next through learned behavior”(Quane, Wilson, Hwang). Given that statement many believe that through learned and shown behavior children develop their barriers which create advantages and disadvantages. Newberger, Quane, Wilson, and Hwang, also go to mention in both studies that single parent families continue to grow due to the learned behaviors, which contiunes to make the rate of single parent homes increase.(Newberger, Quane, Wilson, Hwang) Many scholars agree with this clam that learned behavior leads to many advantages and disadvantages.
Many say that the government help also creates barriers for the children and their family forming the disadvantages and advantages that the children endure. Quane, Wilson, Hwang talks on how family structure is key and how children adapt to what they see.(Quane, Wilson, Hwang). Newberger give statistics and percentages on single, married and separated parents and how they continue to increase in numbers. Karl Helicher, writer of a book report on “Freedom is Not Enough: The Moynihan Report and America’s Struggle over Black Family Life– from LBJ to Obama”, states,” Actually, Moynihan claimed that black poverty was rooted in the lack of employment opportunities and centuries of white oppression” (Helicher) Which follows with what Newberger, “Low rates of payment of child support by absent fathers, only 37% of these mother receive child support, women are more likely to receive support when they are white and well educated”. (Newberger) scholars claim that due to the lack of employment causes the rates of child support to be low. In Newbergers study he also talks about how government help is also given to black families. He talks on how black inner city children are less likely to escape poverty.(Newberger) Scholars believe that government help is not offered to black families, but Newberger writes in his study that if help if offered it does not exceed the amount of help given to the well educated white families.(Newberger). Scholars claim that due to the white oppression many inner city black families are not offered help because it is believed that they should be able to obtain stableness. Newberger goes back into the family structure and says that single parent are more likely to get help over the two parented homes. He notes that two parent homes are more likely to get shifted out of poverty faster then most single parent home.(Newberger) Many scholars often tend to agree with Newberger statement that two parent homes are more likely to be taken out of poverty. Many others sometimes believe that parents often have to help of their parents. Scholar claim that parents receive help for parents still as a learned behavior. Believed by many that due to the lack of government help or too much government help creates the home for inner city black children which creates their advantages and disadvantages.
Many scholars do not look at education as either a helping key or breaking source for children. The authors of ” Black Men and the Struggle for Work: Social and Economic Barriers Persist” states that “Many of society’s intermediary institution, whether intended to support social and economic advancement or punish antisocial behavior, have a disproportionate impact on poor black families” (Quane, Wilson, Hwang). Quane, Wilson, Hwang also talk about how even at the earliest stages of poor black children life they are unlikely to be enrolled in high quality child care programs, which is an enormous disadvantage compared to other counterparts. They also note that low income care givers do not have the same opportunities and range of choices as high income care givers.(Quane, Wilson, Hwang). Quane, Wilson, Hwang states,” When they enter primary school, low income, inner city black youth are clustered in failing schools. They are more likely to be suspended or enrolled in special education classes, less likely to graduate from high school on time, and, indeed, more likely to drop our of school altogether”(Quane, Wilson, Hwang). They follow that statement by noting that young black , mainly males are less likely to go into the workforce or secondary schooling. The authors continue to mention that government institutions that impact poor black youths lives tend to focus controlling and stabilizing behavior rather than improving skills and opportunities. As well as going on to say the Juvenile justice systems are more worried on rehabilitation opposed to harsh sentencing.(Quane, Wilson, Hwang) Many scholars agree that the educational programs do not focus on the right things. Many agree that children packed into failing schools suffer from disadvantages of learning and obtaining an education. Scholars believe that the disadvantages happen most when the chill have to stuff with things they can not control. This is believed by many scholars to be one of some of the biggest disadvantages that happen in the inner city black children life.
Many scholars claim that inner city black are at a disadvantage and are unsure why. Quane, Wilson, Hwang talks on how family is the biggest influence and that the way the family is set up will either hinder of help the child to prevail. They talk about how the mother and the father education and background will give the child a stable home. (Quane, Wilson, Hwang). Sun talks on the advantages and how inner city children are never setback to hard not to recover.(Sun) Helicher was able to use her book report and tell others that black poverty was rooted from a lack of opportunities and white oppression.(Helicher). Newberger tells us how single parent home increase and two parent home decrease, he notes that children adapt to what they are surrounded by. He also goes to note that government help offered to poor black family is slim and that the white women and well educated are more likely to get help as needed.(Newberger). Scholars still agree and disagree with the information provided, although scholar as Newberger, Quane, Wilson, and Hwang have reliable information. Scholars claim that the family is the biggest impact and based on Quane, Wilson, Hwang study it has truth to it. Based on the research study has be made to prove that the structure of the family is important. Along with the family comes the help given to the family. Many claim that there is no help given to inner city black children but study have been made to prove that there is help even if it is very little. Although the family is said to be the biggest impact education plays a big role in the disadvantages and advantages. Scholars claim that if parents show a better way and their child changes their learn behavior then the disadvantages may decrease and the advantages may increase.
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